CIMT- Ultrasound Test for Fatty Plaque

CIMT- Ultrasound Test for Fatty Plaque



If you could do a simple 10-minute test in a doctor’s office to find out if your arteries are getting clogged, would you do it? There’s an ultrasound of the neck that shows early stage thickening and plaque of the carotid artery: Cimt - Carotid Intima Media Thickness.

If you knew that the No. 1 killer we face is clogged arteries, would you want to prevent it, monitor it and clean it off? Even a little fatty plaque could break off and cause a clot like a heart attack or stroke. Sudden death is the first symptom in 50 percent of cardio-vascular disease.



If you knew that 80 percent of heart attacks are preventable, would you make sure that you’re not at risk? Risk factors that we know about in 2012 go beyond the traditional factors (see footnote).

So let’s look at two people and how they approached this risk:

JD and JQP are 45-year-old men who have the same amount of artery wall thickness and very early stages of atherosclerosis “fatty” plaque.



JD thinks that he is OK since he has not had any of the traditional cardiovascular risk factors. He considers himself rather knowledgeable about health issues like which type is the good cholesterol, etc. He admits that at 45 he should get a check-up. He has noticed a few extra pounds on the belly and is surprised that his bmi (body mass index) is 28; not quite obesity of 30 but not ideal like 25.

His blood pressure and cholesterol are borderline high. He reluctantly follows the doctor’s advice, gets a CIMT but does not follow-up. He is determined to get healthier and in fact lowers his weight and blood pressure. He didn’t want to take any pills and figures that in two years his CIMT would show that he has cleaned off his arteries. He would have been correct because lifestyle changes sometimes clean off arteries.

JQP doesn’t know much about “cholesterol stuff”. At 45 he feels fine but realizes that he could have done a better job living healthier. He smoked for several years in the past, he’s had a little beer belly since his 30s and he’s loves beef and rich food. He gets a CIMT and takes what the doctor advised: a single combination pill that lowers blood pressure and cholesterol and an aspirin. He makes some lifestyle changes at first like some walking exercise and watching his food intake, but human nature takes over and he’s back to his old ways.

JQP who took the pill, showed improvement on his CIMT test the following year. The doctor explained how not only has the plaque lessened, but it has a more stable edge that is less likely to break off to clot. The low-strength aspirin helped keep down clotting also. He still looks a bit unfit but the doctor knows that his arteries are looking more fit. He still encourages diet and exercise, otherwise diabetes might develop and more pills will be necessary to try to counter a continued unhealthy lifestyle.


JD did not do so well. He had a good idea to get even more fit but he was unlucky. He started a strenuous exercise plan without getting cleared by a treadmill stress test. He did not want to take the aspirin a day. He declined the prescription for a statin for his cholesterol. Even though he only had a small amount of plaque in the lining of his arteries, it was the unstable type. One day it broke off causing clots that traveled to his heart and brain. He had always said “ya gotta die sometime” and the clot causing the heart attack would have caused sudden death if it had set off fibrillation. Instead a third of the heart muscle was damaged from loss of blood supply and now he has heart failure. Another clot caused the stroke and he is paralyzed on one side.

The above stories are happening daily but there is no specific or actual cases of JD (John Doe) or JQP(John Q. Public).

The take-home message remains the same: get a regular physical and ask about available screening blood tests. Ask about the risks of testing and of taking medicines. If you decline testing or treatment, be sure to understand options and get specialists’ opinions.



Note: Visit my website: PvilleHealth.blogspot.com to see discussions of traditional and emerging risk factors: Traditional: cholesterol, blood pressure, obesity, smoking, genetics, diabetes. Emerging: subtypes of cholesterol (LDL, small LDL, Lpa, HDL, HDL2, non-hdl, TG, apo A and B) , CRP-hs & LPpla2, apoE, HbA1c and glycomark, etc.

Vasolabs.com has information about their ultrasound techs who can come to doctors’ offices to do CIMT sonograms.

Also a future article on CIMT will be written if there is interest. If you want to leave any comments or questions, just type it in the comment space. It will not be published unless the writer requests it be. The comment space on this site was set up so that people do not need to leave any name or email. No individual medical advice will be given but future articles and blog entries will address these comments.

Living the Life of Hospice

In this time of year where there is such celebration of birth, it may seem strange to talk about the other end of the spectrum, the process of dying. But in the big circle of life, both can be celebrated as part of the life process. In facing our inevitable end, there is dignity. Unlike modern western societies, most people historically and in the world even today spend their last bit of time at home. Hospice allows a dignified good dying experience at home or wherever the person resides. Facing death with the help of hospice nurses and staff can prepare family members also. Often misguided guilt from the patient or family is dealt with and grieving is helped.

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Ask someone about “hospice” and you’ll get lots of misinformation:

“ Isn't it a place that they put you in when you’re about to die?”

Really, it’s a team of supporting healthcare providers who will be there for you and your family, anywhere including your home for the last six months of life.

“Won't they stop treating you and you die too early and in a bad way?”

Actually you will receive any medical treatment that helps your symptoms and improves the quality of life. For example radiation treatment that shrinks a cancer mass causing symptoms will be performed. But if a long course of radiation or chemo is desired in a late stage cancer for a low likelihood of possibly prolonging life a few months, then it is not covered by hospice. (Remember that many people suffer a low quality of life and premature death with such treatment at this stage)

“Once you sign up then you can’t get off.”

Not true. You can get off of hospice at any time. But often patients and families are so pleased with the supportive care and having all of the meds and supplies being provided, that they don’t want to get off.

“It must cost a lot for health and supportive care like that.”

Medicare and other government and private insurances cover hospice, which pays for just about everything.
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When a person is starting the dying process, they or their family believe they “lost a battle” when it is really a no-fault situation. Besides early stage cancer, there is often a myth of curative treatment for many severe, chronic conditions that are in a late stage, according to Leigh Fredholm, M.D. of Austin Hospice. She and other speakers are available to discuss hospice and even show the 30-minute documentary “Except for Six”, taking the journey of Ron, his family and the staff through his hospice experience. Hospice has experience dealing with families especially when they get to know them over months. This is better than waiting to the very end.

. . . Now I lay me down to sleep…

There are good things about knowing that death is coming. You can prepare and have all your stuff arranged for. Family and friends have the opportunity to visit more. A good reference is the 1969 pivotal book, “On Death and Dying” by Elisabeth Kubler-Ross. This book (online atEKRfoundation.org) deals with death and dying including denial, which is better discussed before the very end.

Maybe we can make the analogy of the midwife and the hospice nurse: birth being like an awakening and death like sleep; both can be a tranquil and beautiful experience.

. . .Silent night, Holy night…


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HospiceAustin.org

- Hospice Austin is a not-for-profit hospice for over 30years. It has the goal: “emphasis is on living each day to the fullest, in a comfortable place, free of pain and in the company of loved ones. “

-Hospice Austin's Christopher House is located at 2820 E. Martin Luther King Blvd

-Anyone can call 800-445-3261 for hospice information, at any stage of serious illness

- The team usually consists of a physician, nurse, social worker, home health aide, homemaker, volunteer, chaplain and bereavement counselor (as requested) — all working together and focusing on the needs and wishes of the patient and loved ones.

PeacefulTranquilityHospice.com

– a personal thank-you from me. They provided wonderful care for my mother at her home in Galveston

Local cardiologist has new website- NutritionHeart.com

Dr. Roehm’s practical nutrition advice on the internet is very different from a flippant cardiologist speaker I once heard. That speaker was asked about whether to start with diet before pills; he remarked: “I personally start by writing a prescription that costs a lot. When they return, they seem very interested in my discussion about behavior changes that they could make to eventually get off those expensive meds!” Let’s have that discussion now. Better yet, stop reading this article and type in NutritionHeart.com; then sit back and watch some entertaining videos that will teach you some things.

You will learn about diets that have proven to lower heart attacks and overall death rates. In the process you will find out about different type of studies. So the next time your buddy reads some headline in an ad or even in the news like: “95% of people who take vitamins are healthy”, you will know what to ask. Was that an observational study? (duh, people who already are health conscious are more likely to turn to vitamins, and anyway, the majority of people are “healthy” by many definitions). Or you might ask if two groups of similar people were randomized to take vitamins or not.


There is actually a study where they randomized similar groups of people to either go on a diet very similar to that of Crete or no change in diet. This Lyon Diet Heart Study had amazing end results: not only was there a decrease in further heart attacks by 70%, there was a decrease in overall death by 60%! This is more scientific proof of benefit than has ever been shown by low fat diets, South Beach diet and even the DASH diet.
On this web site you will get Dr. Roehm’s practical advice as an experienced cardiologist, who practiced in Round Rock. He says that what is important to watch in a study are end results. We care more about how to be a person without a heart attack, even though his numbers like cholesterol might be higher than a person who died from a heart attack with “great numbers”. (In this study both groups had similar LDL & HDL cholesterol as well as blood pressure .


So what is this special type of Mediterranean diet? It’s not vegetarian but your vegetarian friends might like seeing that it has low amounts of animal products. Besides lots of fruits and veggies, they like their beans,peas, nuts, whole grains and yogurt. They get plenty of protein without eating much meat although they do eat chicken and fish. Avoiding fatty meats keeps down the harmful saturated fats. But don’t think you have to stop all the fat because you can use good olive oil and canola oil. Instead of white bread and desserts, they enjoy cheese and a 5 ounce glass of red wine a day. But as Dr.Roehm explains in his video, any change in alcohol intake or diet changes should be discussed with your health care provider


So what’s the best answer: diet and behavior changes or prescription meds? The answer is often both.You will hear how Dr.Roehm dealt with many people with hypertension over the years whose BP could not be controlled even with multiple pills. Individually he worked with his patients to taper off sodium/salt and change some lifestyle behaviors. Many were able to be taken off some of their meds. Now he offers this web site for all who want to learn some things about nutrition and the heart.


Have you heard how to stop high blood pressure with a change in your diet, where you don’t have to lose weight? National Institutes of Health studied the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (D.A.S.H). With this diet and lowering your salt in your food, you can lower your BP as much as a mild blood pressure pill.
Who hasn’t heard of the benefits of fish oil? But how does it work and how much do you need? Short answer – check the label for a total of 1000 mg of omega-3 from fish. Long answer- NutritionHeart.com. But you’ll learn some things about mercury in the oceans and even about reducing joint inflammation and fish oils.

There are quick links to his videos, handouts, transcripts, scientific background and web links for Low Sodium Diet, Mediterranean Diet, DASH Diet and Fish Omega-3 Fat. Also listed are topics on how the Mediterranean diet relates to Alzheimer, diabetes & cancer. Be sure to read about alcohol and heart disease, alcohol and women’s health and future topics on exercise.
NutritionHeart.com not only has the video talks from a cardiologist, it allows for printable handouts, transcripts and summaries. It is a nice web site with no ads, no registering, just down-home health information for you and your loved ones.

Local Cardiologist gives Health tips on his new Web site and Online Videos

Check out NutritionHeart.com
http://www.nutritionheart.com/

Videos and printable handouts were made by Dr Roehm. You will learn how even without losing weight, many people can prevent and manage high blood pressure. Topics include ways to reduce sodium and adopt a Mediterranean diet, both of which have proven to reduce heart disease. Also there are clear descriptions of fish oil, olive oil, alcohol and other topics that could keep you healthy.
http://www.nutritionheart.com/scientific-background-Mediterranean-diet/
Example topics:

Mediterranean diet

• Video
• Handout
• Transcript
• Scientific Background
• Medit Diet & Heart, Alzheimer’s, Diabetes & Cancer
• Fat Nomenclature

DASH Diet for high blood pressure

• Fish Omega-3 Fat
• Canola Oil vs. Olive Oil

• DASH Diet for high blood pressure
• Women & Alcohol

3 Reasons why Not to get a Flu Shot !

… and 10 reasons for getting one

To be or not to be . . . a victim of the flu. The question comes up every fall when we are advised to get a flu shot. To help you decide lets take a light hearted look at both sides of the issue.

Reasons why not to take a shot:

- get time off from work (but you’ll feek like #!*# , 

-give more money to big pharma, doctors and pharmacists (but meds once you have the flu are less effective

-save a few dollars and be able to brag about it (if you don’t get the flu)  …………………

Reasons why yes

-can be very effective. Depends on the strain going around each year. This year’s flu shot should be very effective for the strains Brisbane, Perth and a H1N1 type called  California.  Often 7 out of 10 people who get the flu vaccine, don’t get the flu.

-can protect the most vulnerable, like the elderly and infants . Studies have shown that if lots of healthy people get the flu shot, then the overall rate of flu goes down that year and less infants and senior citizens end up in the hospital and less deaths.

-can lessen the degree of illness if you get the flu. Partial protection is better than none. Flu shots do not help for other viruses that spread during the winter and give similar symptoms (Influenza-Like Illness)

- can prove your buddies that you didn’t “catch the flu” from the shot; at least scientifically it is impossible; see cdc.gov/flu “the viruses in the flu shot are killed (inactivated), so

you cannot get the flu from a flu shot.”

(Minor side effects possible are soreness around the shot site, low fever, aches; it would  begin soon afterwards only last a day or two.)

-avoid having to Antiviral drugs are an important second line of defense against the flu; these drugs must be prescribed by a doctor.

- You won’t have to worry as much when flu is going around. Unless of course you don’t work or sVAUDRINEocialize with the public and if everyone you contact has good health habits, such as covering their cough and washing their hands, Hey better idea, make sure everyone around you at home and work get a shot

-Can even avoid a needle by getting the nasal spray form of the flu shot. This LAIV nasal spray ( live attenuated  influenza vaccine) is for healthy persons over 2 and under 50. LAIV works by inoculating against those same three strains that have been genetically modified to minimize symptoms of illness. The regular shot is TIV (flu shot (injection) of trivalent (three strains

-and oh, yeah – getting the flu makes you feel like #!*#

Prostate Cancer & a­­ Game Plan

          When you are facing a prostate cancer diagnosis, you need a game plan. Often no surgery or treatment is immediately necessary if it is the low risk type. However, you must work with your doctors and get “active surveillance”.

Some background about prostate cancer and available treatment:
·         Cancer cells are developing in the prostate in the majority of men as they become elderly.
·         Some prostate cancer cells never grow fast enough to spread outside of the capsule. 
·         Erectile dysfunction is reported in 75%  of men treated with surgery or external radiation, but many older men may already have ED problems; meds and other treatment for ED are available.
·         Bladder control problems occur, especially after surgery during the first few years, worse while exercising.
·         Bowel problems occur more with radiation than with surgery.
·         Adverse effects from surgery often show up early but those from radiation treatment show up later


     If you have the low risk type of prostate cancer, you might have the option to just observe it without jumping into treatment. But you have to think about is whether you would worry excessively if you knew you had cancer cells that were not being treated. On the other hand, how would you feel if you had complications from treatment? Would you wonder if you jumped into a treatment too soon, if needed at all?

If you choose surgery, you have a 98% chance of being cancer free and according to surveys, the vast majority are happy and would choose this same treatment. Is this the best choice in all cases and does it need to be done immediately?


Please do not try to make the decision for what you would do based on this article or other readings without discussing with your doctor. Guidelines change as new studies are done and any slight misunderstanding could be deadly!
You probably discovered your prostate issue from a screening PSA (prostate-specific antigen) blood test or a rectal exam. Typically there are no early symptoms.
Talk to your doctor about your family history and other risk factors and do screening for prostate cancer at the appropriate age (40 y.o.?, 50 y.o ?)   If the PSA test is high, then typically antibiotics are used and the test is repeated to see if it is just an infection. Know your PSA numbers to see if it is over 2.5 or is rising more than 0.35 per year. Sometimes repeat testing is done months apart to see if there is a steady upward trend. If a biopsy is indicated, then the urologist will arrange to do this simple procedure in the office.  If cancer cells show up, the report will show if the cells are highly aggressive (Gleason score like 7) or less aggressive like 6. Also it states how much of the specimen showed cancer.
Very low risk  and low risk category patients are offered treatment with surgery or radiation if their overall health suggests they would live for decades. However observation is an option. These categories have Gleason 6  or less, and PSA <10. Very low risk has limited cancer tissue (<2 core positives, <50%)
Intermediate risk and high risk are usually those with Gleason 7 or more, or a PSA >10. In intermediate risk, it is advisable to be treated if you are considered healthy enough to live over 20 years.

Observation is not burying your head in the sand (or elsewhere).
It involves “active surveillance” with scheduled follow-up of PSA blood tests and biopsies over months and years when needed.
With such a game plan you might be one of the many who can safely avoid surgery or radiation treatment. Without a plan with your doctor, you might be blindly going down a road that could involve much more complicated risks and even death. In one study for 8 years, 99% of those in active surveillance are alive; only 1 in 4 needed treatment. One promising treatment being tested is an ultrasound treatment called HIFU.
On the web: nccn.org, cancer.gov  , FamilyDoctor.org (patient information by the American Academy of Family Physicians -August 2011 update)             

3 Steps of Clinical Depression

How can you tell if you have clinical depression and what can be done about it?
• There’s always the self test on the Internet, but depending on the web site, you might conclude that you’re depressed and need to get your doctor to prescribe Pill XYZ (thank you pharmaceutical website!) We all have bad days. That’s not clinical depression.
• There’s always that friend, or bar buddy who denies that anyone needs treatment. “Just have another drink.”
• There’s your “granola head” friends who might have their own ideas, sometimes sounding bizarre: “You need to align your aura with the stars.”

But how much do we really understand about how biochemical imbalances and neurotransmitters work in our brain and what genetic factors are at play?
So let’s say you get past all that and you speak to your “doctor”. Symptoms can include any of the following and must persist for several weeks to be diagnostic of clinical depression:
• awakening during the night with problems getting back to sleep
• loss of interest in usual hobbies
• low energy or libido
• changes in appetite
• anxiety
• cannot see good things in life
• aches
• on the edge with emotions
… and note that feeling sad is not a necessary symptom.
Recently the American Family Physician medical journal published psychiatry guidelines. There is an emphasis on a proper plan for treatment and follow-up.

Prescription treatment is not the only thing available, as long as the depression is not severe. There is non-prescription treatment like talk therapy; this psychotherapy is with a counselor or psychologist. Also some people get results with St. Johns Wort herb or SAM-e supplement. Prescription meds are generally safe, non-addicting and usually give good results within a month or two. There are sometimes transient and minor side effects.

Step 1 is getting the right diagnosis and a treatment plan. Besides clinical depression, there could be a diagnosis such as bipolar (manic/depression), ADD (attention deficit), OCD (obsessive-compulsive); usually a MD psychiatrist treats these diagnoses. Next action is to develop a structured plan for treatment. Whether it is with meds and/or with psychotherapy, it is important to follow up in 1 to 2 months to be sure there is good improvement.
There are several classes of meds by prescription, but typically a serotonin med like prozac or zoloft is used. (See my blog for details of other examples and classes of antidepressants such as norepi and dopamine drugs.) You and the “health care provider” will work together to adjust the dosage for what’s right for you.

Step 2 is continuing on the full dose of medication for 4-9 months to prevent relapse. If depression-focused cognitive behavior therapy is being done, then continue this also.

Step 3 is when one has to know when and if they should get off of medication/treatment. If this is the first episode of depression, or even a second episode that did not come soon after the first, then you may be able to work with the “prescriber” to slowly taper off the med over at least several weeks.

The following situations may be problematic in terminating treatment: if the first episode happened in your youth, if there are on-going social stressors or if residual symptoms of depression linger. A rule of thumb is that second episodes need two years of meds and third episodes need lifelong medication. Step 3 is never ending for anyone who ever had clinical depression, because of the need to monitor for relapse.